Chapter 16: Cosmology and Astrophysics -- The Beginning and the End
16.1 Evidence of the Big Bang
Hubble's Measurements
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Nucleosynthesis
Olbers' Paradox
16.2 The Big Bang
16.3 Stellar Evolution
The Ultimate Fate of Stars
Special Topic: Planck's Time, Length, and Mass
16.4 Astronomical Objects
Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars
Gamma Ray Astrophysics
Novae and Supernovae
16.5 Problems with the Big Bang
The Inflationary Universe
The Lingering Problems
16.6 The Age of the Universe
Age of Chemical Elements
Age of Astronomical Elements
Cosmological Determinations
Universe Age Conclusion
16.7 The Standard Model of Cosmology
16.8 The Future
The Demise of the Sun
Where Is the Missing Mass?
Special Topic: Future of Space Telescopes
The Future of the Universe
Are Other Earths Out There?
Summary