Objectives

• describe how energy bands are created in the Kronig-Penney model, explain what causes forbidden zones for the wave numbers, and be able to locate them on a graph as on page 365 of the text
• understand what causes donor levels in n-type semiconductors and acceptor levels in p-type semiconductors
• say what causes the thermoelectric effect and calculate thermoelectric power
• explain the purpose and operation of a thermocouple
• talk about how a p-n-junction diode allows current to flow easily in one direction but hardly at all in the other
• calculate the total current in the forward bias of a p-n-junction diode
• setup up voltage amplifier and circuit amplifier circuits using transistors
• note the similarities and differences in the operation of a photovaltaic cell and a LED
• state the benefits of miniaturization to the computer industry
• calculate the voltage gain for amplifier circuits with n-p-n- and p-n-n-junction transistors
• cite other examples of semiconductor devices and their applications